From the ¡®Airbnb scam¡¯ to phishing: how to spot fraud when flat-hunting

In 2013, when she was 25 years old, Mar¨ªa Mart¨ªn-Consuegra found the perfect apartment. ¡°It was a flat in Ronda de Toledo [Madrid] for one person, it was just what I was looking for,¡± she explains. ¡°The rent was €400. It was a bargain. I thought I¡¯d been really lucky.¡± But what looked like good fortune was in fact a scam. When she got to see the apartment, she paid €400 there and then to reserve it. The person who took the money disappeared. And all these years later, she is still waiting for the case to come to court so she can recoup her loss.

The summer and the first few weeks of September are good opportunities for fraudsters

Mart¨ªn-Consuegra¡¯s case is one of the many such fraudulent methods used in the rental market in Spain, and which are benefiting from a 50% rise in prices over the last five years. The situation is particularly tough for young people who are seeking a place to live, given that they have to contend with precarious employment and few options to buy their own properties. Renting is practically the only option left open to them. ¡°[The con artists] will take advantage of anyone¡¯s needs,¡± Mart¨ªn-Consuegra says.

The summer and the first few weeks of September are good opportunities for fraudsters, as lots of students are looking for apartments in the big Spanish cities they are about to move to. As well as their urgency, conmen will also take advantage of the difficulties that potential tenants may have to see the property in person. These methods tend to be similar to the one suffered by Mart¨ªn-Consuegra, but there are differences. Here are some of the most common scams used in the property market.

The Airbnb scam

This is one of the most common methods used by fraudsters. Properties are advertised on real estate listing sites such as Idealista. Once you have contacted the advertiser, the conversation is moved from the site¡¯s messaging service to email. The fraudsters explain that they live far away and that they can show you the apartment if you leave them a deposit. If you don¡¯t pay, you can¡¯t see the property.

If the conversation continues, the fraudsters will send you a link to the property on online accommodation platform Airbnb. But the link does not take you to the official site, but rather a fake webpage that is made up to look like the real thing.

¡°They will try to close the sale or rental as fast as possible, and they won¡¯t refuse any request that you make, no matter how extravagant it may be,¡± they explain from the Spanish Office of Internet Security (OSI). This scam has been carried out both with apartments that actually exist as well as invented ones.

The embassy employee scam

The properties advertised for this kind of fraud are usually of the luxury kind. As in the previous case, listings will appear on sites such as Idealista and Fotocasa. The fraudster claims to be a property owner who is living abroad, and is looking for someone to take good care of the property they have in Spain. They usually claim to have worked in an embassy in Spain and have now been transferred to another country.

¡°If you¡¯re looking for a house to rent, avoid falling into traps: Prices that are too low, a landlord abroad asking for money in advance. National Police¡±

However, this method does not rely on Airbnb. In this case, the scammer will request a money transfer via a company such as MoneyGram or Western Union. The fraudster claims that this will prove your genuine interest in the property. They promise that once you have made the transfer, you will get the key to the front door.

Targeting confidential information

In some cases, scammers will not go straight for your money. They seek instead personal information in order to get access to your files, a process commonly known as ¡°phishing.¡± The fraudster sends out an email that appears to come from Idealista, Fotocasa or a similar website. It requests information such as email addresses or passwords, which can later be used to insert malicious software on your computer in order to find sensitive information.

¡°You have received a suspicious email!! Spelling mistakes. Badly written sentences. The email sender is not from the same company or mail service. DON¡¯T FALL FOR IT, it¡¯s #PHISHING. National Police.¡±

Once a scammer has access to your files, they can collect logins and passwords for your online bank accounts. Other phishing methods involve imitating other commonly used websites, such as social networks, banks and email services.?

Abusive conditions ¨C not fraudulent, but they are illegal

Landlords in Spain can be very demanding with their tenants. It is not illegal for them to request personal information, including a copy of your work contract, your latest payslips or even a bank statement. They can even specify that the tenant must carry out renovation work while living in the property.

But there are other clauses that are considered to be abusive under Spanish law. For example, rental firms cannot request more than a month¡¯s rent as a fianza, the refundable bond that must be paid on signing the contract. There is, however, no limit to how many months¡¯ rent must be put down as a deposit on the property, and this has to be agreed on by the landlord and tenant. What¡¯s more, contracts that last less than three years can be considered null and void, as can those that include excessive penalties for tenants who leave the property. Clauses can be included, however, that oblige the tenant to pay a month¡¯s rent for each year left on the agreement should they leave before the time frame is up.

English version by Simon Hunter.