EE UU exige la retirada de Internet de la pistola imprimible por tr¨¢fico de armas
El Gobierno argumenta que no respeta las leyes y le da un trato similar al de un exportador sin licencia El creador ha sacado ya los planos de su servidor de Internet
M¨¢s de 100.000 descargas en dos d¨ªas han hecho saltar las alamas. Bien es cierto que Cody Wilson, creador de la pistola imprimible Liberator, no se oculta. ?l mismo se ha encargado de proclamar el ¨¦xito de su invento.
Los patrones, de descarga gratuita, se publicaron el lunes. El jueves el Departamento de Estado se puso en contacto con Wilson a trav¨¦s de una carta para indicarle que debe dar de baja tanto esos planos como los de otras nueve armas de fuego que se encuentran en la p¨¢gina Defcad.org.
El gobierno argumenta que no respeta las leyes de tr¨¢fico de armas internacionales y le da un trato similar al de un exportador sin licencia. "Esto significa que se los datos tienen que dejar de estar accesibles de inmediato", se incida en la carta. De lo contrario tendr¨¢ que hacer frente a la ley.
Seg¨²n el creador, el pasado martes Espa?a lideraba la lista de descargas. Sin embargo, los poseedores, escasos, de una impresora en tres dimensiones no lo tienen f¨¢cil para convertir los planos en un objeto. La impresora de este tipo m¨¢s popular, MakerBot, no es compatible con los requisitos para fundir las partes del arma y despu¨¦s montarla.
Este estudiante de Derecho de Austin (Texas) ha explicado por correo electr¨®nico a la revista Forbes que se pliega a la petici¨®n: "Vamos a quitar todo los datos, pero quiz¨¢ no sea posible que desaparezcan del todo. Podemos quitarlo de nuestros servidores pero no de Internet".
Tanto Mega, el servicio de descargas sucesor de Megaupload, como Pirate Bay ofrecen los planos a trav¨¦s de sus servidores. A pesar de la carta oficial, Wilson no lo considera una amenaza. "Estamos llegando a generar la conversaci¨®n que anhelo. ?Por qu¨¦ no hay un r¨¦gimen claro? ?Se puede tener una control sobre el tr¨¢fico de armas en la era de Internet y las impresoras en tres dimensiones?" dice en la revista.
El inventor se compara con Philip Zimmermann, el inventor del c¨®digo de encriptaci¨®n de correo PGP, que se enfrent¨® a un proceso similar al considerar que era una amenaza contra la seguridad estatal. El matiz est¨¢ en que el primero hac¨ªa programas inform¨¢ticos y Wilson armas con aplicaci¨®n en el mundo real.
Contenido de la carta
United States Department of State
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
Offense of Defense Trade Controls Compliance
May 08, 2013
In reply letter to DTCC Case: 13-0001444
[Cody Wilson's address redacted]
Dear Mr. Wilson,
The Department of State, Bureau of Political Military Affairs, Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance, Enforcement Division (DTCC/END) is responsible for compliance with and civil enforcement of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) (AECA) and the AECA¡¯s implementing regulations, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (22 C.F.R. Parts 120-130) (ITAR). The AECA and the ITAR impose certain requirements and restrictions on the transfer of, and access to, controlled defense articles and related technical data designated by the United States Munitions List (USML) (22 C.F.R. Part 121).
The DTCC/END is conducting a review of technical data made publicly available by Defense Distributed through its 3D printing website, DEFCAD.org, the majority of which appear to be related to items in Category I of the USML. Defense Distributed may have released ITAR-controlled technical data without the required prior authorization from the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), a violation of the ITAR.
Technical data regulated under the ITAR refers to information required for the design, development, production, manufacture, assembly, operation, repair, testing, maintenance or modification of defense articles, including information in the form of blueprints, drawings, photographs, plans, instructions or documentation. For a complete definition of technical data, see 120.10 of the ITAR. Pursuant to 127.1 of the ITAR, it is unlawful to export any defense article or technical data for which a license or written approval is required without first obtaining the required authorization from the DDTC. Please note that disclosing (including oral or visual disclosure) or tranferring technical data to a foreign person, whether in the United States or abroad, is considered an export under 120.17 of the ITAR.
The Department believes Defense Distributed may not have established the proper jurisdiction of the subject technical data. To resolve this matter officially, we request that Defense Distributed submit Commodity Jurisdiction (CJ) determination requests for the following selection of data files available on DEFCAD.org, and any other technical data for which Defense Distributed is unable to determine proper jurisdiction:
- Defense Distributed Liberator pistol
- .22 electric
- 125mm BK-14M high-explosive anti-tank warhead
- 5.56/.223 muzzle brake
- Springfield XD-40 tactical slide assembly
- Sound Moderator ¨C slip on
- "The Dirty Diane" 1/2-28 to 3/4-16 STP S3600 oil filter silencer adapter
- 12 gauge to .22 CB sub-caliber insert
- Voltlock electronic black powder system
- VZ-58 sight
DTCC/END requests that Defense Distributed submits its CJ requests within three weeks of the receipt of this letter and notify this office of the final CJ determinations. All CJ requests must be submitted electronically through an online application using the DS-4076 Commodity Jurisdiction Request Form. The form, guidance for submitting CJ requests, and other relevant information such as a copy of the ITAR can be found on DDTC¡¯s website at http://www.pmddtc.state.gov.
Until the Department provides Defense Distributed with the final CJ determinations, Defense Distributed should treat the above technical data as ITAR-controlled. This means that all such data should be removed from public access immediately. Defense Distributed should also review the remainder of the data made public on its website to determine whether any additional data may be similarly controlled and proceed according to ITAR requirements.
Additionally, DTCC/END requests information about the procedures Defense Distributed follows to determine the classification of its technical data, to include aforementioned technical data files. We ask that you provide your procedures for determining proper jurisdiction of technical data within 30 days of the date of this letter to Ms. Bridget Van Buren, Compliance Specialist, Enforcement Division, at the address below.
Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance
PM/DTCC, SA-1, Room L132
2401 E Street, NW
Washington, DC 20522
Phone 202-663-3323 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting 202-663-3323 end_of_the_skype_highlighting
We appreciate your full cooperation in this matter. Please note our reference number in any future correspondence.
Sincerely,
Glenn E. Smith
Chief, Enforcement Division
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